LESSON 1 :
1. SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTÑ)

TENSES ( Caùc thì )

Affir :
Neg:

S+V1 /Vs, es
S+ do/ does + not+ V1

Ex : Water boils at 100o c.

Inter:

Do/ does+ S + V1 …?

Ex : How often do you go to school?

Ex : Tom doesn't feel hungry.

*(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = do / does + not + have
Dieãn taû :
 Tình caûm, caûm giaùc, nhaän thöùc ôû hñoäng.
 Thoùi quen, phong tuïc, taäp quaùn.
 Chaân lí, söï thaät hieån nhieân.
Vôùi : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER,
EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then . . ..
Notes : Qui taéc theâm es ñoái vôùi ñoäng töø coù S soá ít :
- Caùc ñoäng töø taän cuøng laø : o, sh, ch, x, s, vaø z .
- Caùc ñoäng töø taän cuøng laø y maø ñöùng tröôùc y laø moät phuï aâm ta ñoåi y  i + es
( She studies, Tom tries, He plays . . .).
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD)
S + am/ is/ are + Ving
S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving
Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ?
Dieãn taû :

Vôùi :

Ex: We are studying English now.
Ex: She isn't writing when he comes.
Ex: What are you doing while I am doing?

 Hñoäng ñang xaûy ra ôû Htaïi vaøo luùc noùi vieát.
 2 hñoäng ñang keùo daøi // ôû Htaïi (while: trong khi).
 1 hñoäng ñang keùo daøi ôû Htaïi thì coù 1 hñoäng ngaén ñoät ngoät xaûy ra(S+ V 1/ Vs, es)

AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW

3. PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT)
S + has/ have + V3ed
S + has/ have + not + V3ed
Has/ Have + S + V3ed?
Dieãn taû:

Ex: I've just opened the door.
Ex: We have studied English for many years.
Ex: Jack hasn't come recently.
Ex: How long have you studied English?

 Hñoäng Qk ko roõ tg.
 Hñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra.
 Hñoäng baét ñaàu trong Qk, vaãn coøn tieáp tuïc ôû Htaïi & coù theå tieáp tuïc ôû Tlai.

Vôùi: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL
TIMES, SINCE + moác TG, FOR + khoaûng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR…

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD)
S + has/ have + been + Ving.

Ex: We have been studying English for many years.

S + has/ have + not + been + Ving.
Has/ Have + S + been + Ving?
Dieãn taû:

- Hñoäng baét ñaàu trong Qkhöù, tieáp tuïc ôû Htaïi & coù theå ñeán Tlai
( nhaán maïnh tính lieân tuïc) - since + moác TG ; for + khoaûng TG.

5. SIMPLE PAST (QKÑ)
S + V2ed
S + did + not + V1
Did + S + V1 ?

Ex: I saw him yesterday.
Ex: She didn't come last week.
Ex: Did Mr. Lee phone an hour ago?

*(Be) : was / were  wasn't, weren't
Dieãn taû:
- Hñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra & chaám döùt hoaøn toaøn trong Qk ( xaùc ñònh roõ TG)
Vôùi:
- YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…)
6. PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD)
S + was/ were + Ving
Ex: We were watching TV at 7 pm yesterday.
S + was/ were + not + Ving
Ex:I was writing while my father was reading.
Was / were + S + Ving ?
Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone rang.
Dieãn taû:
 Hñoäng xaûy ra ôû 1 giôø / khoaûng giôø Qk xaùc ñònh ( at 7pm, from 6 to 7, …)
 2 hñoäng dieãn ra // ôû Qk. (while: trong khi)
 1 hñoäng Qk ñang keùo daøi thì 1 hñ ngaén ñngoät xaûy ra (S + V2ed)
Vôùi: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT…
7. PAST PERFECT (QKTD)
S + had + V3ed
Ex: Last night I went to bed after I dad done my homework.
ed
S + had + not + V3
Had + S + V3ed ?
Dieãn taû:
- Hñoäng xaûy ra tröôùc 1 moác TG ôû Qk hoaëc tröôùc 1 hñ Qk
Vôùi :
( tröôùc: S+ had +V3ed ; sau: S + V2)
8. SIMPLE FUTURE (TLÑ)
S + will / shall + V1
Ex: I'll buy it tomorrow.
S + will / shall + not + V1
Will / Shall + S + V1?
*Note: will not =won't ; shall not =shan't.
Dieãn taû:
 Hñ seõ xaûy ra trong tlai.
 Lôøi yeâu caàu (Will you + V1…? ); Ñeà nghò ( Shall I / we + V1 …?)
Vôùi:
TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…)
9. FUTURE PERFECT (TLHT)
S + will / shall + have + V3ed .
Ex: We'll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow.
Dieãn taû:
 Hñoäng seõ hoaøn taát trong tlai.
* Notes:

1) Near future: (Tlai gaàn)
S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : seõ, saép söûa, döï ñònh…
Ex: I'm going to buy it tomorrow.







2)Moät soá ñoäng töø sau ñaây thöôøng khoâng duøng vôùi thì tieáp dieãn
Be : Ex: I am a student now.
Nhöõng ñoäng töø chæ veà giaùc quan: see, hear, feel, look (troâng coù veû), smell, taste, recognize.
Nhöõng ñoäng töø chæ veà caûm xuùc: like, dislike love, hate, want wish, desire, refuse, forgive.
Nhöõng ñoäng töø chæ veà lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember, forget,
mind, expect, recollect.
Nhöõng ñoäng töø chæ söï baét ñaàu, tieáp tuïc, keát thuùc: begin, continue, finish…

LESSON 2:

PREPOSITIONS ( Giôùi töø)

A. COMMON PREPOSITION:

I. Prep. Of Place:
1. IN: ôû trong ( 1 nôi/ vuøng/ khu vöïc/ quoác gia/ thaønh phoá/ …)
Ex: in the room/ Asia/ Britain/ London/ …
in bed/ newspaper/ magazines/ the world/…
2. ON: ôû treân
Ex: on the table/ the board/ the floor/ …
on TV/ the radio/ telephone/ the way/ the street/ horse back/ …
3. AT : ôû taïi (ñòa ñieåm nhoû).
Ex: at the desk/ the station/ the airport/ 72 Pham Ngu Lao street….
at home/ school/ work…
4. FROM : töø (nôi xuaát phaùt).
Ex: Mr. Mac Donald is from Scotland.
5. TO: ñeán (ñích) .
Ex: Elizabeth went to the store.
6. BETWEEN : ôû giöõa (2 ngöôøi / vaät).
Ex: Mai is sitting between Nam and Nga.
7. AMONG: ôû giöõa , trong soá
Ex : The letter is somewhere among these papers.
II. Prep. Of Time
1. IN:
1977( 1890, 2008…)
the summer (winter…)
April (May, August…)
the morning (afternoon, evening…)
time: kòp luùc
an hour - Ex : I will arrive in an hour.

2. ON :

3. AT:

holiday
weekend
Monday
15, October
October 15th 1977
Monday morning
Christmas day
time : ñuùng luùc
fire : ñang chaùy
7 o'clock
night
midnight
noon
(the) weekend
Christmas
the end of
the moment

4. SINCE (+ moác TG): keå töø …
Ex: He has studied English since 1900.
5. FOR (+ 1 khoaûng TG) : ñöôïc…
Ex: _________________ for 17 years
6. FROM: töø
7. TO : ñeán
Ex: I lived in village from 1977 to 1992.
III. Some Other Prep. :
1. By : baèng ,bôûi.
Ex: They can enrich the soil by using fertilizers.
* by bus/ car/ train/ plane/ …
2. On foot: ñi boä
3. For : cho , vì, ñeå (chæ muïc ñích) .
Ex: What would you like for breakfast?
Ex: Some people read for pleasure.
4. With : vôùi , baèng.
Ex: He went with her.
Ex: I can write better with my own pen.
5. About : veà.
Ex: What do you think about her?
6. Of : cuûa.
Ex: The window of the living room.
B. PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES:

1. Adj + TO : acceptable, accustomed, agreeable, contrary, harmful, important,
kind, likely, lucky, open, pleasant, similar, familiar, helpful, (but: it's very kind of you.)
2. Adj + IN : interested, rich, successful
3. Adj + OF : afraid, ahead, aware, capable,confident, full, tired, sure, proud
4. Adj + FOR : available, difficult, late, perfect, useful, famous, responsible, sorry (S.O)
5. Adj + FROM : absent, different, safe, far
6. Adj + AT : clever, present, quick, skilful, good, bad, (angry at something/ with someone)
7. Adj + WITH : acquainted, crowed, friendly, popular, busy, bored, pleased, fed up
8. Adj + ABOUT : confused, sad, serious, worried, sorry (S.T)

C. VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION:

1. catch sight of
: troâng thaáy
2. give place to
: nhöôøng choã cho
3. give way to : nhöôïng boä ,traùnh ñöôøng cho
4. keep pace with
: theo kòp, saùnh böôùc
5. lose sight of
: maát huùt, khoâng thaáy
6. lose touch with
: maát lieân laïc vôùi
7. lose track of
: maát daáu veát cuûa
8. make allowance for: chieáu coá ñaëc bieät
9. make fun of
: cheá nhaïo
10.make a fuss over/ about
: cuoáng quyùt veà vieäc gì
D. GO + PREPOSITION:

1. after: ñuoåi theo
2. ahead: ñöôïc tieán haønh
3. along: tieán trieån
4. away: ra ñi, rôøi khoûi nôi naøo
5. back: trôû veà
6. by: troâi qua( thôøi gian)

E. CAÙC TRÖÔØNG HÔÏP KHAÙC

11. make room for : doïn choã cho
12. make use of
: söû duïng
13. pay attention to : chuù yù ñeán
14. put a stop to
: laøm döøng laïi
15. put an end to
: chaám döùt
16. set fire to
: chaâm löûa, ñoát
17. take account of
: chuù yù ñeán
18. take advantage of : lôïi duïng
19. take care of
: chaêm soùc
20. take note of
: chuù yù ñeán
21. take notice of
: chuù yù tôùi

7. down: giaûm giaù  up: taêng giaù
8. on: tieáp tuïc
9. off: noå
10. out: taét
11. over: xem xeùt kyõ

1. belong to
: thuoäc veà
2. on the contrary
: ngöôïc laïi
3. on the whole
: noùi chung
4. be up to = depend on : tuyø thuoäc vaøo
5. listen to
: laéng nghe
6. suffer from
: bò, chòu
7. free from
: giaûi phoùng khoûi
8. write …to
: vieát … cho…
9. wait for..
: chôø
10. ask …for..
: hoûi xin
11. look at
: nhìn
12. look after
: chaêm soùc

13. look up
14. look out
15. look for
16. laugh at
17. good at
18. good for
19. prevent… from
20. be in bed
21. regard … as
22. be divided into
23. take part in

: tra töø ñieån
: nhìn ra ngoaøi
: tìm kieám
: cöôøi nhaïo
: gioûi veà caùi gì
: toát cho caùi gì
: ngaên … khoâng cho
: naèm treân giöôøng
: xem nhö
: ñöôïc chia thaønh
: tham gia vaøo

WORD FORM

LESSON 3:

( Töø Loaïi )

A. PARTS OF SPEECH:

I. Noun (n)
1) n + V
: laøm S cho V
2) V + n
: laøm O cho V
3) prep. + n : laøm O cho prep.
4) be (laø) + n : laøm C ( C : complement: boå ngöõ)
5) adj + n
Ex: People can see new film at the cinema.
S
O
O
He is a scientist.
C
* Notes:
- a, an ,the
- this, that, these, those
- some, any, many, …
+ n
- my, your, Tom's, …
II. Adjective (adj.):
1) adj + n
2) adv + adj
3) be (thì, laø ), look coù veû), feel, become, taste (coù muøi), smell ( coù vò), get, grow,remain,
stay, turn, seem, appear, sound, … + adj
Ex: That young girl is very beautiful.
III. Adverb (adv):
1) S + Vi + adv

Ex: They arrived safely.

2) S + Vt + O + adv

Ex: She did the housework disappointedly.

3) S + Vaux + adv + Vmain
4) adv + adj
5) adv + adv
6) S + V + adv
( or: adv + S + V + …. )

Ex: He can surely do it
Ex: He is reasonably right.
Ex: Jack runs very quickly.
Ex: We have bought it at that store recently.
(or: Recently we have bought it at that store.)

IV. Verb (v) : V ñöùng sau S.
Caùc hình thöùc  cuûa V coøn ñöôïc duøng ôû nhieàu vò trí khaùc.
Participle:

Present participle ( Ving)
ed

Past participle ( V3 )
1) Used in Continuous tenses ( Ving)
ed

2) Used in Perfect tenses & Passive voice (V3 )
3) Used as Adj:
Ving
 Active meaning
ed

Ex:

a/

V3
 Passive meaning
The match excites the fans.
The match is exciting.
The fans are excited.

b/

The children have seen an interesting film.
The children are interested in the film.

B. FORMATION OF N, ADJ, V:

I. V + suffix 

n : V + -tion, ation
-ment
-er
-ing
- age
-0

: conservation, preservation, prevention
: development
: fertilizer
: poisoning, dirtying
: drainage
: safeguard

II. n + suffix  adj
:
- ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful, helpful, peaceful
- less : childless, odourless, speechless, restless, careless, harmless, treeless
- ly : manly, brotherly, worldly, hourly, yearly, daily.

n+

- like : childlike, godlike, lifelike, statesmanlike
- y : dusty, snowy, rainy, sandy, dirty, healthy.
- ish : foolish, selfish, childish
- al : magical, agricultural, industrial, natural.

III. OUT + Vi  Vt (toát hôn, nhanh hôn, laâu hôn) :
outnumber, outgrow, outlive, outrun, outweigh
IV. UNDER + n / V  n / V( thaáp hôn, beân döôùi, keùm hôn) :
undergrowth, undercharge
V. OVER + n/ Adj /V  n/ Adj / V
( quaù giôùi haïn, vöôït, quaù nhieàu)
overcoat, overanxious, overact.
C. WORD FORM CHARTS:

1.

3.

satisfy (v)
satisfied( past. Part)
satisfying (pres. part)
satisfactory (adj)
satisfactorily (adv)
satisfaction (n)
tolerate(v)
tolerated( past. Part)
tolerant(adj)
tolerable(adj)
tolerably(adv)
tolerance(n)

4.

important (adj)
importance(n)

5.

difficult(adj)
difficulty(n)

2.

disappoint(v)
disappointed(past. Part)
disappointing(pres. part)
disappointedly(adv)
disappointment(n)

= adj

6.

determine (v)
determination (n)

7.

tend (v)
tendency(n)

8.

occupy (v)
occupied (past. Part)
occupation(n)
occupational (adj)

9.
10.

11.

12.

attract(v)
attracted(past. Part)
attractive(adj)
attractively(adv)
attraction(n)

13.

reason(v)
reasonable(adj)
reasonably(adv)
reason(n)

14.

absorb(v)
absorbed(past. Part)
absorbent(adj) / (n)
absorptive(adj)
absorption(n)

15.

deafen(v)
deaf(adj) / (n)
deafness(n)

16.

militarize(v)
militaristic(adj)
military(adj) / (n)
militarily(adv)
militarism(n)

potential (adj) / (n)
expect(v)
expected (past. Part)
expecting(pres. part)
expectant(adj)
expectantly(adv)
expectation(n)
prefer(v)
preferential(adj)
preferentially(adv)
preference(n)

LESSON 4 :

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
( Meänh Ñeà Traïng Töø Chæ Thôøi Gian)

I. PRESENT TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:

Ex:

1/

a. We always take our umbrellas when it rains.
b. We are singing as she comes.

2/

a. I usually read a newspaper while I am waiting for the bus.
b. I'm writing while they are talking.

3./ He goes home after he has finished his work.
4/

a. She has played the piano since she was five.
b. I've felt much better since I've been here.

5/ a. She greets me as soon as she sees me.
b. He continues his journey as soon as he has finished his meal.
Main Clause
(Mñeà chính)

Adverbial Clauses of Time
(Mñeà Traïng töø chæ TG)

1. S + V1 / s / es
S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving (ñang…)
2. S+ V1 / s / es

WHEN = AS
WHENEVER

S + V1 / s / es

WHILE =AS

S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving (ñang…)

S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving(ñang…)
3. S+ V1 / s / es
ed

4. S + HAS / HAVE + V3

ed

AFTER

S + HAS / HAVE + V3

SINCE

S + V2  ÑAÕ CHAÁM DÖÙT

ed

ed

S + HAS / HAVE + V3  Vaãn coøn
5. S

+ V1 / s / es

AS SOON AS
S + V1 / s / es
UNTILL = TILL S + HAS / HAVE + V ed Hoaøn taát
3

II. PAST TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:
EX: 1/ a. I sat near the window whenever I took a bus.
b. It was raining hard when I got there.
2/ a. I met him while I was walking down the street.
b. I was writing while he was reading.
3/

He smoked after he had finished his meal.

4/

He had finished his meal before he smoked.

5/ a. He left as soon as I told him.
b. He left as soon as he had finished his work.
Main Clause (Mñeà chính)
Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mñeà Traïng töø chæ TG)

1. S + V2
S + WAS / WERE + Ving (ñang…)
2. S + V2
S + WAS / WERE + Ving (ñang…)
3. S + V2
4. S + HAD + V3ED
5. S + V2

WHEN = AS
WHENEVER

S + V2

WHILE =AS

S + WAS / WERE + Ving (ñang…)

AFTER
BY THE TIME
BEFORE
AS SOON AS
UNTILL = TILL

S + HAD + V3ED
S + V2
S + V2
S + HAD + V3ED Hoaøn taát

II. FUTURE TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:

EX: 1/ a. We' ll go when we want.
b. I'm goint to wait until you have finished your homework.
2/
We will have finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow.
Main Clause (Mñeà chính)
Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mñeà Traïng töø chæ TG)

1. S + WILL / SHALL + V1
OR:

S + AM / IS / ARE GOING TO + V1

2. S + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + V3
Hoaøn taát

ed

WHEN =AS
AS SOON AS
UNTILL = TILL
BY THE TIME
BEFORE

S + V1 / s / es
ed

S + HAS / HAVE + V3 Hoaøn taát
S+ V1 / s / es

Note: Khoâng duøng thì Tlai trong Mñeà Traïng töø chæ TG Duøng caùc thì Htaïi thay theá.

LESSON 5

:

MAKING & ANSWERING QUESTIONS

( Döïng & Traû Lôøi Caâu Hoûi)
Types

Questions

Answers
Yes, Spron. + Vpreceding Q.

Yes - No

Inter. form?

Or

Inter. form + A or B?

Affir. form + A/B

Wh

Wh + Inter. form?

Affir. form

No, Spron. + Vpreceding Q. + NOT

Ex: 1. Uncle Ho / die / 1969?
- Did Uncle Ho die in 1969?
 Yes, he did.
2. Faraday / writer or scientist?
- Was Faraday a writer or a scientist?  He / Faraday was a scientist.
3. When / Tom / go / school?
- When does Tom often go to school?
 He/Tom often goes to school in the morning.
Notes:
1. When “Wh” is the Subject or Modifies the Subject
 Affir. form is used in the Q.
Ex: a/ Who can swim?
 Nam can swim.
b/ How many students are absent today?
 Two students are absent today.
2. Tag Question:
Ex:
The weather is nice , isn't it ?  Yes, it is.
3. Commands:
V1…( Haõy…): List/ Mention/ Name/ Give…  They are / It is …
Ex:
Name some English scientists.
 They / Some E. scientists are Newton, Faraday, …

ACTIVE or PASSIVE VOICE

LESSON 6:

( Chuû Ñoäng vaø Thuï Ñoäng Caùch)

A:
P:

S + V +
S

+ BE

O
ed

+ V3

+ by

O

(chia thì theo ñoäng töø cuûa caâu Active)
(A : Active
P : Passive)
Ex:

1/ A: Tom eats apples every day.
P: Apples are eaten by Tom every day.

2/ A: They saw him in the shop.
P: He was seen in the shop ( by them )

ACTIVE

PASSIVE
Am/ is /are

V1 / Vs/es
ed
V2

Was / were
Am/ is /are

Am/ is /are
+

+ being

Ving

Was / were

Was / were
Has / have
V3

ed

+ been
Had

Had
Will (would)
Shall (should)
Can(could)
May (might)
Must
Be going to
Be able to
Have to
Ought to
Used to

+

Notes:
1/

A:

OR:

Will (would)
Shall (should)
Can(could)
May (might)
Must
Be going to
Be able to
Have to
Ought to
Used to

V1

S + V +

P: S +

OI +
ed

BE + V3 +

+

be

OD
OD + by + O

( S + BE + V3ED + for/ to + OI + by + O)

A:

Lan gave Mary some books.

P:

OI
OD
Mary was given some books by Lan.

OR:

(Some books were given to Mary by Lan.)

2/
A: S + V + (THAT) + S + V ….
P:
OR:

V:

ed

Has / have
+

Ex:

+ V3

S+

BE

IT + BE +

SAY
BELIEVE

ed

+ V3

ed
V3

+ TO + V1
+ by + O + (THAT) S + V

KNOW
REPORT

THINK
RUMOUR

+ V3

ed

TELL
CONSIDER…

Ex :

CLAIM

PROVE

A : They say that they has been ill.
P : He is said to have been ill. (or : It is said that he has been ill.)

LESSON 7:

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
( Caâu Ñieàu Kieän)

If Clause ( Mñeà IF)
Types and Use
(Loaïi vaø Caùch duøng )
1. Future Possible
V1 /s /es
 ÑK coù theå xaûy ra ôû IF + S + do /does +not + V
1
HT&TL
*BE: am, is ,are
2. Present Unreal:
 ÑK khoâng theå xaûy IF + S +
ra ôû HT&TL

will
S+

ed

shall
can
may

+ V1

would

V2

did not + V1
*BE: were

3. Past Unreal:
 ÑK khoâng theå xaûy IF + S + had + V3ed
ra ôû QK.
Ex:

Main Clause ( Mñeà chính)

S+

should
could
might

+ V1

would
S+

should
could
might

ed

+ have + V3

1. If it is fine, we will go.
2. I'd fly everywhere if I were a bird.
3. If you had met the president yesterday, what would you have done?

 Sentence
A/ UNLESS

Transformation:

=

IF … NOT

If + Neg. form
am /is/ are not

=

Unless + Affir. form
am /is/ are

do /does not + V1
If + S +

did not+V1
were not
had not+ V3

V1/s /es
= UNLESS + S +

ed

Ex: If you didn't study hard, you'd get bad marks.
= Unless you studied hard, you'd get bad marks.

ed

V2
were

had + V3

ed

Note: Neáu caâu vôùi Mñeà IF Kñònh, Mñeà chính ôû theå Pûñònh , ta coù theå chuyeån sang
UNLESS = caùch ñoåi Mñeà chính thaønh theå Kñònh.
Ex: If you are lazy, you can't be successful
= Unless you are lazy, you can be successful.

B/ CAÙCH VIEÁT CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN TÖØ TÌNH HUOÁNG
T. HUOÁNG CHO:
1.Coù töø “OR” : vieát ñk loaïi 1

2. H.taïi
3.Q. khöÙ

:
:

loaïi 2
loaïi 3

4.Coù töø “SO”: vieát xuoâi

S + V SO S + V

 IF + S + V , S + V
5.Coù töø “BECAUSE”: vieát ngöôïc
S +V
because S +V
 IF + S + V
6. Phuû ñònh vieát khaúng ñònh & ngöôïc laïi

,

Examples: 1.

I am not clever, so I won't be a doctor.
If I were clever, I would be a doctor.
2. John was sick because he ate much cake.
If John hadn't eaten much cake, he'd not have been sick.

Tröôøng hôïp khaùc :
1.
S+ can /will+ V1 but S + must/ have to +V1
IF + S + V1/Vs,es , S + can/ will + V1
( Ñk 1)
Ex: I'll let you borrow the book but you must promise to return it next week.
 If you promise to return the book next week, I'll let you borrow it.
2.
V 1 or
S + will /can +V1
 S + will/ can + V1 unless you + V1
Ex:
Work hard or you'll fail the exam.
 You'll fail the exam unless you work hard.

LESSON 8 :

UNREAL WISHES
( Öôùc Muoán Khoâng Theå Xaûy Ra)

S+V

could + V1
: Tình huoáng Htaïi / Tlai , traùi vôùi khaû naêng
S + wish + (that)
would / should + V1 : Tình huoáng Tlai
+ S + V2 / were; didn't+ V1 / weren't
: Tình huoáng Htaïi
If only
hadn't + V3
: Tình huoáng Qkhöù
Ex: a)
b)
c)
d)

I wish I (can fly) could fly.
We wish it (be) would be sunny soon.
If only we (see) saw a UFO now.
He wishes he (meet) had met her yesterday.

 Sentence

Transformation:
S+ be sorry
What a pity
It is a pity
S
+
regret
S
+
do / does not like

a.

S


Note:
-

+

wish

+

( that)

S

+
+

Ving / S
+
Ving / to v1

+ ( that ) +

+ V
V

S +

V

Theâm S ( neáu thieáu)
Kñònh 
Pñònh ( vaø ngöôïc laïi)
Htaïi

Qkhöù;
Qkhöù

Qkhöù hoaøn thaønh

Ex: I'm sorry that I didn't come yesterday.
 I wish ( that) I had come yesterday.
Ex: Mr. Taylor doesn't like living in a small house.
 Mr. Taylor wishes he didn't live in a small house.

b.

S + would like / would love

+ to V1 / to have + V3

 S+ wish

+ ( that) S + V2

/

ed

S + had + V3

ed

Ex: I'd like to have met her.
 I wish I had met her.

LESSON 9:

GERUND AND INFINITIVE
( Danh Ñoäng Töø & Ñoäng Töø Nguyeân Maãu)

A. GERUND (Ving) : ñoùng vai troø V & N cuøng moät luùc.

Vai troø:
1. S ( Ex: Learning English is easily.)
2. O - Sau prep. (Ex: We are interested in studying English.)
- Sau moät soá V (Ex: I enjoy swimming.)
3. C (Ex: Conservation is the safeguarding and the preservation of natural
resources.)

Notes:

The + Ving + of

+ n ( Ex: The reclaiming of land.)

B. GERUND OR INFINITIVE :

I. Caùc ñoäng töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu ( To+V1)

Theo qui luaät thoâng thöôøng, ñoäng töø naøo ñuùng sau moät ñoäng töø khaùc thì phaûi ôû daïng
nguyeân maãu (TO +V1)
Ex: a) I would like to speak to Mr. Duran.
b) Mary asked John to help her.
c) My brother wants to become a pharmacist.
d) Every body is expecting her to come.
II. Caùc ñoäng töø & cuïm töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng Ving :
1. acknowledge
2. admit
3. appreciate
4. avoid
5. celebrate
6. consider
7. delay =postpone
8. deny
9. detest
10. discontinue
11. discuss
12. dislike
13. endure
14. enjoy
15. escape
16. explain
17. fancy = imagine
18. feel like
19. finish
20. forgive
21. include
22. involve
23. justify
24. keep(continue)
25. mention

26. mind
27. miss
28. practise
29. prevent
30. prohibit
31. propose
32. quit
33. recall
34. report
35. resent
36. resist
37. risk
38. suggest
39. support
40. tolerate
41. understand
42. be accustomed to = be used to
43. be busy
44. be worth
45. can't help
46. can't stand
47. get used to = become accustomed to
48. look forward to
49. it's no good
50. it's no use

III. Caùc ñoäng töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng Ving / To V1 nhöng khoâng doåi nghóa:
1. continue
2. dread

5. begin
6. hate

3. like
7. love
4. prefer
8. start
Ex:
She started to learn English when she was 5 years old.
 She started learning English when she was 5 years old.

IV. Caùc ñoäng töø ñöôïc theo sau baèng Ving / To V1 nhöng doåi nghóa:
1. FORGET, REGET,
+

Ving

REMEMBER
Ex:

To V1 : seõ xaûy ra ( Tlai)
: ñaõõ xaûy ra ( Qkhöù)

a) Remember to sent John a present. Today is his birthday.
b) I remember meeting you somewhere before but I'm sorry I forget
your name.

2. TRY +

To V1

: coá gaéng laøm.

Ving

: thöû laøm.

Ex: a) She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college.
b) Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.
3. STOP

+

To V1

: döøng laïi ñeå laøm vieäc gì khaùc.

Ving

: döøng laïi khoâng laøm vieäc gì (ñang laøm) nöõa.

Ex: a) Feeling sleepy, the driver stopped to drink a coffee
b) That old man tried to stop smoking because of his bad cough.
4. NEED

+

To V1 : caàn phaûi laøm ( yù chuû ñoäng).
Ving
: caàn phaûi ñöôïc laøm ( yù bò ñoäng).
Ex: a) Tom needs to work harder.
b) The grass in front of the house needs cutting.

V. Moät soá tröôøng hôïp khaùc:
1.

ADVISE
ALLOW
PERMIT
RECOMMEND

To V1 Ex: The police allow us to go there
+

V ing

Ex: The police allow going there.

2.

3.

4.

FEEL
HEAR
SEE
WATCH

+ Vo / Ving ( ñang) Ex: We saw David jog
jogging in the park.

HELP
MAKE
LET
NOTICE
BID

+O

+ V1

WOULD RATHER
HAD BETTER ( not )

LESSON10 :

Ex: Please let me go.

+ V1

Ex: I'd rather drink tea than coffee.
You'd better not go out.

CLAUSES & PHRASES
OF CAUSES & EFFECTS

(Meänh Ñeà Vaø Cuïm Töø Chæ Nguyeân Nhaân Vaø Keát Quaû)

1.

S + be / Vord + SO + adj / adv + THAT + S + V
( quaù…

Ex:

2.

The tea is so hot that I can't drink it.
He drove so badly that he couldn't pass the driving test.

S + V + SUCH + (a/ an) + adj + n +
( quaù…

Ex:

ñeán noåi…)

THAT + S + V…
ñeán noåi…)

It is such hot tea that I can't drink.
He was such a bad driver that he couldn't pass the driving test.

3.
S + be / V ord + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V1 (+ O)*
( quaù..
* Boû 'for O' khi O naøy = S hoaëc chæ chung chung.
* Boû O cuûa 'to V' khi O naøy = S
Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
He drove too badly to pass the driving test.
be +adj

neân khoâng theå…)

4/

S + ________ + enough + (for +O) + To V1 ( + O )
V ord + adv
Ex:

 Sentence

(ñuû…
ñeå…)
The tea is not warm enough for me to drink.
He didn't drive well enough to pass the driving test.

Transformation:
S(n)

a/

+

be + SO + adj

+

THAT…

It /This /That


+ be + SUCH + (a/ an) +adj +

n + THAT…

He/ She/ They
Ex:

The tea is so hot that I can't drink it.
 It is such hot tea that I can't drink it.

S + Vord

b/

+ SO + adv + THAT …

 S + be + SUCH + (a/an) + adj +
Ex:

He drove so badly
that he couldn't pass the driving test.
 He was such a bad driver that __________________________.

S + V + SO
c/

n + THAT…

+ adj / adv + THAT + S + V + (O )*

S + V + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V1

(+ O)*

* Boû 'for O' khi O naøy = S hoaëc chæ chung chung.
* Boû O cuûa 'To V' khi O naøy = S
Ex: a) The tea is so hot that I can't drink.
 The tea is too hot for me to drink.
b) He drove so badly that he couldn't pass the driving test.
 He drove too badly to pass the driving test.

d/



…TOO + adj / adv …

… NOT + adj /adv

+ ENOUGH…

Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
 The tea is not warm enough for me to drink.

LESSON 11 :

RELATIVE CLAUSES
( Meänh Ñeà Quan Heä)

Relative Pronouns & Adverbs:
Functions
Subject

Object

Poss.

Which

Which

Who

Whom

Whose + n
(of which)
Whose + n

Antecedents
Things
People
Place
Time
Reason

Adv

Where
When
Why

Notes: *Where =

prep + nplace

*When = prep + ntime
*Why
= for + the reason
*'THAT' thay theá cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” trong meänh ñeà coù giôùi
haïn (khoâng ñöùng sau daáu phaåy, prep).
*Duøng 1 hoaëc 2 daáu phaåy taùch meänh ñeà quan heä ra khoûi meänh ñeà chính
khi tieàn danh töø laø:
- Danh töø rieâng
- Danh töø ñöôïc boå nghóa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
- Danh töø ñöôïc boå nghóa = sôû höõu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM'S HOUSE,…)
- Danh töø ñöôïc boå nghóa = 1 nhoùm töø ( EX: The man from Hanoi,…)
Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away.

Relative Clauses:
Rel. Cl.
Ant.
Things
People

People/ things
Place
Time
Reason
Ex:

a/

Relative clause
Relative pronoun / adverb
The other parts
+
which / that
+ V ( + O)
+ S+V
+
who / that
+ V( + O)
+
whom /that
+
S+V
V ( + O)
+
whose
+n+
S+V
+
where
+
when
+ S + V (+ O)
+
why

Could you iron the trousers? They're hanging up behind the door.
 Could you iron the trousers which/that are hanging up behind the door?
b/
She showed me the radio. She had bought it
 She showed me the radio which/ that She had bought.
c/
I don't like the people. People lose their temper easily.
 I don't like the people who /that lose their temper easily.
d/
The man works here. I saw him yesterday.

 The man whom/ that I saw yesterday works here.
e/
The house is very large. Its door is green.
 The house whose door is green is very large.
f/
Have you seen the girl? I'm keeping her bicycle.
 Have you seen the girl whose bicycle I'm keeping?
g/
Vietnam is beautiful. We live in vietnam.
Vietnam, where we live, is beautiful.

REPORTED SPEECH

LESSON 12:

(Caâu Töôøng Thuaät)

1.Meänh Leänh &ø Yeâu Caàu:

TOLD

V1 …

Haõy – Meänh leänh khaúng ñònh

Don't + V1 …

Ñöøng - Meänh leänh phuû ñònh

To + V1 (MLKÑ)

S+

+O+
ASKED
Not to + V1 (MLPÑ)

2. Phaùt bieåu:

Ex: He said to us, “ Keep silent here, please.”
 He told us to keep silent there.
Ex: “Don't laugh at me” said Mary.
 Mary asked me not to laugh at her.

S + V (chia roài) …

TOLD + O
S+

(THAT) + S +V (luøi thì)
SAID

Ex1: They said to us, “These are snakes.”
 They told us (that) those were snakes.
Ex2 : “I came at 8 o'clock,” he said.
 He said (that) he had come at 8 o'clock.

3. Caâu hoûi:
a/ WH_ Questions: “WH + V + S… ?”
b/ YES _ NO Questions: “ V + S … ?”

S+

asked + (O)
wanted to know
wondered

+ WH
S + V (luøi thì)
+ IF / WHETHER

Ex1:

The stranger said, “ Where is Tra Vinh town school?”
 The stranger asked where Tra Vinh town school was.

Ex2:

“ Did you see him?” she said to me.
 She asked me if / whether I had seen him.

Notes:

1. Change of Adverbs of Time & Place:

Direct speech

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

here
this
these
now
today

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Reported
speech

Direct speech

Reported speech

there
that
those
then
that day

6. tonight
7. yesterday
8. ago
9. tomorrow
10. next (week….)

6. that night
7. the previous day, the day before
8. before
9. the following day, the next day
10. the following (week…)

2. Change of Pronoun & Poss. Adj:
Per.
1
2
3
3

Subj.
I
We
You
They
He
She
It

S + V +

Obj.
Me
Us
You
Them
Him
Her
It

Poss. Adj.
My
Our
Your
Their
His
Her
Its

Poss. Pro.
Mine
Ours
Yours
Theirs
His
Hers
its

O, “ person 1…………………… person 2”
(chuùng) toâi
(caùc)baïn

3. Changes of Tenses:
Direct Speech
V1

/

Reported Speech
ed
V2

Vs/es

am

was

is
are

+Ving

+Ving
were

has / have + V3
V2

ed

had + V3ed

ed

was / were + Ving

had been + Ving

Notes:

1/ Khi töø 'WH' laøm S hoaëc boå nghóa cho S O ñoåi theå.
Ex: “Who has broken this vase?” said my father.
 My father asked who had broken that vase.
2/ Khi caâu tröïc tieáp dieãn taû 1 chaân lí, söï thaät hieån nhieân 
O ñoåi thì.
Ex:
Our teacher said, “The sun rises in the East.”
 Our teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

will
shall
can
may
must

would
should
+V1

could
might
had to

LESSON 13 :

+V1

3/ Khi ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät ôû thì Htaïi or Tlai O ñoåi thì,
khoâng ñoåi thôøi gian & nôi choán, chæ ñoåi ngoâi.
Ex:
He says, “I'm hurry now.”
 He says that he is hungry now.
4/
S + should / had better + (not) V1
 S + advised + O + (not) To V1
Ex:
You should eat a lot of fresh fruit.
 He advised me to eat a lot of fresh fruit.
Taát caû caùc hình thöùc khi ñoåi sang caâu töôøng thuaät phaûi ñoåi
ngoâi : Ngoâi 1  ñoåi theo ngöôøi noùi (S)
Ngoâi 2  ñoåi theo ngöôøi nghe (O)
Ngoâi 3  giöõ nguyeân

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
(M...