CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
(Mệnh Đề Chỉ Sự Nhượng Bộ)
1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ là mệnh đề phụ chỉ sự tương phản của hai hành động trong câu. Mệnh đề này thường được bắt đầu bằng các từ: although, though, even though.
Although / Though / Even though + S + V, S + V.
Eg: a) Although / though / Even though he tried very hard, he couldn’t lift the box up.
b) He was lazy. He passed the test.
-> Although he was lazy, he passed the test.
c) We had a picnic. The weather was bad.
-> We had a picnic though the weather was bad.
Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể được rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ bởi các giới từ : despite , in spite of
+ noun phrase
Despite / In spite of + V.ing
+ the fact that + S + V
Eg:
- Despite/Inspite of her sadness, she managed to smiled.
- Despite/In spite of being sad, she managed to smile.
- We had a picnic in spite of the bad weather.
* Khi cả hai mệnh đề cùng một chủ ngữ ta có thể chuyển mệnh chính về dạng V.ing.
Cáchbiếnđổitừ Although / though => despite / in spite of Nguyêntắcchungcầnnhớlà : Although/ though + mệnhđề Despite / in spite of + noun/noun phrase/V+ING Cáccôngthứcbiếnđổitừmệnhđề sang cụmtừnhưsau: 1) Nếuchủtừ 2 mệnhđềgiốngnhau: - Bỏchủtừ ,độngtừthêmING . Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time. => Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time. 2) Nếuchủtừlàdanhtừ + be + tínhtừ - Đemtínhtừđặttrứocdanhtừ, bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy,....... => Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, ...... 3) Nếuchủtừlàđạitừ + be + tínhtừ : - Đổiđạitừthànhsỡhửu ,đổitínhtừthànhdanhtừ ,bỏ be Although He was sick,........ => Despite / in spite of his sickness,....... 4) Nếuchủtừlàđạitừ + độngtừ + trạngtừ - Đổiđạitừthànhsởhữu, độngtừthànhdanhtừ ,trạngtừthànhtínhtừđặttrướcdanhtừ Although He behaved impolitely,.....
=> Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior ,......... 5) Nếucâucódạng : there be + danhtừ - Thìbỏ there be Although there was an accident ,..... => Despite / in spite of an accident,......
6) Nếucâucódạng: It (be) + tínhtừvềthờitiết
Đổitínhtừthànhdanhtừthêm the phíatrước.
Although it was rainy, ..... => Despite / in spite of the rain, ………. Cáctínhtừvàdanhtừthườnggặptrongmẫunàylà:
Foggy => fog  (sươngmù  )
Snowy => snow (tuyết)
Rainy => rain (mưa)
Stormy => storm ( bão)
7) Nếucâucódạng: Danhtừ + (be) + p.p   ( câubịđộng)
=>Đổip.pthànhdanhtừ, thêm the phíatrướcvà of phíasau, danhtừcâutrênđemxuốngđểsau of
Although television was invented, ..... => Despite / in spite of the invention of television, ……….
8  )Phươngphápcuốicùngcũnglàphươngphápdễnhất : thêmthe fact thattrướcmệnhđề.
Although he behaved impolitely,..... => Despite / in spite of the fact that he behaved impolitely,.....
CáccôngthứctrênđâycũngápdụngchobiếnđổitừBECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF



2. Practice
Ex 1: Choose the best answer
1.  ……….    the increase in their salaries, many French employees spend Saturday at work.
a. Despite               b. Even if                      c.Even though d. In spite
2.      _____ he is the boss, he does not find solutions to problems very easily.
a. Although                         b. In spite of                 c. Notwithstanding        d. Despite
3.      Even if _______, they had to continue practicing.
a. the players soreness                                           b. the players were sore
c. the fact that the players were sore            d. it was the players soreness
4.     Gannon was a high-performing midfield linkman in spite _______
a. of he was at his age         b. he was at his old age c. of his age                  d. his age
5 .Many Americans eat more food than they need, _______ they are harming their bodies and minds by making unhealthful food choices.
a. but                                  b. although                    c. though                      d. in spite of
6.      I have not finished that report yet despite _______.
a. of working overtime last night                  b. to work overtime last night
c. working overtime last night                      d. I worked overtime last night
7.      Although sales fell sharply last month, we are on target for the year.
a. Even though felling sharply in sales last month
b. In spite of there was a sharp fall in sales last month
c. Despite the sharp fall in sales last month
d. Even if falling sharply in sales last month.
8.      Though he was appointed to a higher promotion _______.
a. and he decided to quit his job.     b. but he still decided to quit his job
c. but he decided to quit his job       d. he decided