ENGLISH EVERYDAY ADVANCE LEARNING
Edited and composed by Proffesor, Doctor Apollo
Index 2: European Union
In last lesson, we have learnt about English (Language) History. Today, we learn about EU. Then, we translate it into Vietnamese.
I/ English:
European Union
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"EU" redirects here. For other uses, see EU (disambiguation).
European Union[show]



Flag



Motto: "United in diversity"[1][2][3]

Anthem: "Ode to Joy" (orchestral)[2]


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Location of the European Union`s member states (green)

Capital
Brussels (de facto)[4][5]

Largest cities
London and Paris

Official languages
24 languages[show]

Demonym
European[6]

Member states
28 states[show]

Leaders

 - 
President of the European Council
Herman Van Rompuy

 - 
President of the European Commission
José Manuel Barroso

Legislature of the European Union



 - Council of the European Union  - European Parliament



Formation

 - 
Treaty of Paris
23 July 1952 

 - 
Treaty of Rome
1 January 1958 

 - 
Merger Treaty
1 July 1967 

 - 
Treaty of Maastricht
1 November 1993 

 - 
Treaty of Lisbon
1 December 2009 

Area

 - 
Total
4,381,376 km2 (7tha) 1,691,658 sq mi

 - 
Water (%)
3.08

Population

 - 
2013 estimate
505,665,739[7] (3rda)

 - 
Density
116.2/km2 300.9/sq mi

GDP (PPP)
2014 estimate

 - 
Total
$16.773 trillion[8](2nda)

 - 
Per capita
$33,084[8] (17tha)

GDP (nominal)
2014 estimate

 - 
Total
$18.451 trillion[8](1sta)

 - 
Per capita
$36,393[9] (16tha)

Gini (2010)
30.4[10] medium

HDI (2011)

 0.876[11] very high · 13th / 25tha

Currency
Euro (EUR) (Eurozone)
11 others[show]

Time zone
WET (UTC)[a] CET (UTC+1) EET (UTC+2)

 - 
Summer (DST)
WEST (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) EEST (UTC+3)

Calling code
28 codes +4x[x] +3x[x]

Internet TLD
.eu[b]

Website europa.eu

a.
If considered as a single entity.

The European Union (EU) is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are primarily located in Europe.[12][13] The EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states.[14][15] Institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court of Auditors, and the European Parliament. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens.
The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively. In the intervening years, the community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993.[16] The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009.
The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. Within theSchengen Area, passport controls have been abolished.[17] EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital,[18] enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade,[19] agriculture,[20]fisheries, and regional development.[21]
The monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002. It is currently composed of 18 member states that use the euro as their legal tender. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence. The union maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself