(CÁC CÂU TRÚC QUAN TRỌNG)

1. Câu chẻ: It’s/ was + S/O/trạng ngữ + that/who chính...... / điều/ cái mà .......)
VD: Smoking causes lung cancer.
-> It’s smoking that causes lung cancer.
-> lung cancer that smoking causes.
My sister gave me a computer on my birthday.
-> It was a computer that my sister gave me on my birthday.
-> It was on my birthday that my sister gave me a computer.
-> It was my sister that/who gave me a computer on my birthday.
2. It’s/ was possible/ impossible + for+ O + to-infi. (có thể/ ko thể để ai đó làm gì)
S + be + possible/ impossible + to infi. (ai đó có thể/ ko thể làm gì)
VD: It’s impossible for us to finish the long test on time.
-> We’re impossible to finish the long test on time.
3. Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích
a) Cụm từ chỉ mục đích : để diễn tả mục đích người ta sử dụng cụm từ bắt đầu bằng: to-infi., in order to, hoặc so as to.
To-infi.
… In order (not) to + V0 + V
So as (not) to + V0
VD: I go to market to buy/so as to buy/in order to buy some food.
I closed the door so as/in order not to hear the noise.
b) Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích:
… so that/in order that + S + can/ could/ will/ would + V0 …
VD: I buy a bike so that I can go to school easily.
4. Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân (bởi vì …)
Because of/ Due to/ Owing to + N/ V-ing
Because/ Since/ As + S + V
VD: I couldn’t come to class yesterday because I was ill.
-> I couldn’t come to class yesterday because of my illness/ being ill.
5. Cụm từ chỉ sự tương phản (mặc dù …)
Inspite of/ Despite + N/ V-ing
Though/ Although/ Eventhough + S + V
VD: Inspite of the bad weather, we had a wonderful holiday.
-> Although the weather was bad , we had a wonderful holiday.
6. Cấu trúc “It was not until ... that ...”
S + not V2 + until + mốc time
không làm gì cho đến khi …

It was not until + mốc time + that + S + V2
Mãi cho đến khi … mới làm gì

Not until + mốc time + did (was/were) + S + V0
(hình thức đảo ngữ)

 VD: I didn’t realize him until he spoke.
-> It was not until he spoke that I realized him.
-> Not until he spoke did I realize him.
7. Cấu trúc diễn đạt kết
S + V + too + adj/adv + (for + O) + to-infi.
quá ... để (cho ai) có thể làm gì

S + V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V
quá ... đến nỗi ... (không thể làm gì)

S + V + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + S +V
quá ... đến nỗi ... (không thể làm gì)

S + V + so + adj + a + N số ít + that + S + V...
quá ... đến nỗi ... (không thể làm gì)

S + V + not + adj/ adv + enough + (for + O) + to-infi.
ko đủ ... để (cho ai) có thể làm gì

 VD: The tree is so high that I can’t climb it.
-> It is such a high tree that I can’t climb it.
-> It is so high a tree that I can’t climb it.
-> The tree is too high for me to climb.
-> The tree is not short enough for me to climb.
* Cấu trúc “so … that” đảo ngữ
S + V + so adj + a/ an + N
that
S+ V

 So + adj + be +