UNIT 13. FESTIVALS
A. Vocabulary:
- festival (n): lễ hội
- council (n): hội đồng
- keen on (v): duy trì
- leader (n): người đứng đầu
- pottery (n): đồ gốm
- to be fond of : thích
- pomegranate (n): quả lựu
- preparation (n): sự chuẩn bị
- fetch (v): đi lấy, mang về
- marigold (n): cúc vạn thọ
- fire-making (n): nhóm , đốt lửa
- rice-cooking (n): nấu ăn
- throughout (adv): thông qua
- upset (a): bồn chồn
- jolly (n): vui nhộn, vui vẻ
- yell (v): hét to, la to
- urge (v): thúc giục
- teammate (n): đồng đội
- perform (v): trình diễn
- communal (a): công cộng, chung
- rub (v): cọ xát
- bamboo (n): cây tre
- jumble (v): trộn lẫn, làm lộn xộn
- participate in (v): tham gia vào
- separate (v): tách rời
- mushroom (n): nấm
- husk (n): vỏ trấu
- export (v): xuất khẩu
- judge (n): sự đánh giái
- plumber (n): thợ (lắp, sửa) ống nước
- grand prize (n): giải nhất
- award (v): tặng quà
- carol (n): bài hát vui, thánh ca
B. Grammar:
I. Passive voice (Câu bị động)
S + V + O + …

→ S + be + V3 + … + by O + time

Các dạng bị động
a.Thì hiện tại đơn:  S + am/ is/ are + …
+ Vs/es + …
(S + is/ am/ are + V3 (by O) + …
Ex: I do my homework everyday.
(My homework is done by me everyday.
b.Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:  S + am/ is/ are + V-ing
(S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 (by O) + …
Ex: He is watering the vegetables in the garden now.
(The vegetables are being watered by him now.
c.Thì quá khứ đơn:  S + was/ were + …
+ V2/ed
(S + was/ were + V3 (by O) + …
Ex: She washed clothes last night.
(Clothes were washed by her last night.
d.Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:  S + was/ were + V-ing
(S + was/ were + being + V3 (by O) + …
Ex: They was painting her house at 8 a.m yesterday.
(Her house was being painted at 8 a.m yesterday.
e.Thì hiện tại hoàn thành: S + have/has + V3/ed
  (S + have/ has + been + V3 (by O) + …
Ex: Lan has lived in Can Kiem since 2005
(Can Kiem has been lived in by Lan since 2005.
f.Thì tương lai đơn:  S + will (be going to) + V1
(S + will (be going to) + be + V3 (by O) + …
Ex: You will do first term tests next month.
(First term tests will be done by you next month.
We are going to bake the bread.
(The bread is going to be baked.
g. Động từ khiếm khuyết: S + can/ could/ must/ have to/ may/ might/ would+ V1
(S + can/ could/ must/ have to/ may/ might/ would+ be + V3 (by O)
Ex: She can draw some pictures in a few minutes.
(Some pictures can be drawn by her in a few minutes.
Chú ý: by people, by someone, by somebody ... hoặc đại từ nhân xưng không cần thiết
1. Hoàn thành những câu sau dùng dạng bị động của động từ
put     make     perform     write     hold     award     decorate
a) Christmas songs __________________for people in towns and villages eight hundred years ago.
b) On Christmas Eve in the early 1500s, a tree __________________ and ___________ in the market place in the Latvian city of Riga.
c) In the rice-cooking festival, a fire __________________in the traditional way.
d) An English-speaking contest __________________at Nguyen Hue