Grammar
1) How can you distinguish Active Voice and Passive Voice?
Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR COMPARISON
ACTIVE VOICE
PASSIVE VOICE

Meaning
Active Voice refers to that type of voice, wherein the subject carries out the action designated by the verb.
Passive Voice is a kind of voice, wherein the subject acts as the recipient of the action.

Subject
Acts upon the verb
Acted upon by the verb

Position
As the subject is responsible for the action, it appears at the first place.
Object on which the action is performed, appears as the first place, while the actor appears at the end.

Example
I am playing cricket.
Cricket is being played by me.


She sent an email to the Human Resource Manager.
An email was sent by her to the Human Resource Manager.


Let me put it there.
Let it be put there by me.

Definition of Active Voice
Active Voice can be understood as the form of writing which depicts when the subject is carrying out the action indicated by the verb and takes the object directly. The subject is the person or thing which we are talking about, and the object is the person or thing to which the given action is targeted.
In an active voice, as the subject does the action directed by the verb, it is expressed as an agent of the main verb. Let’s look at these examples, for better understanding:
John likes Mary
The policeman encountered the criminal.
He steals the apple.
Children are making a painting for a school exhibition.
I was cooking food last night.
Let me do it.
Definition of Passive Voice
Passive Voice refers to the style of writing, which we use when instead of emphasizing the subject we put stress on the action, i.e. the verb and the object thereon.
Passive voice is also suitable when the actor is not known or is not important, or you want to lay emphashis on the person or thing on which the action took place. It can also be used when the discussion is made on a universal fact or truth. Take a glance at the examples given below:
Mary is liked by John
The criminal was encountered by the policeman.
The apple is stolen by him
Painting is being made by the children for school exhibition.
Food was being cooked by me, last night.
Let it be done by me.
Key Differences Active and Passive Voice
The points given below are substantial so far as the difference between active and passive voice is concerned:
When in a sentence, it is the subject which performs or completes the action, it is called as active voice. On the contrary, when in a sentence, the action is received by the subject, then it is called as a passive voice.
In an active voice, it is the subject which acts upon the verb, whereas in the passive voice, the subject is being acted upon by the verb.
In an active voice, as the actor is the subject himself, who is responsible for the concerned action, it appears at the first place. As against, in a passive voice, the person or thing, on which the action takes place, appears at the first place, while the actor comes at the end, indicated with the preposition ‘by’.



Formula
TENSES
ACTIVE VOICE
PASSIVE VOICE

Simple Present Tense
Subject + Base form of verb + Object
Object + is/am/are + Past participle form of verb + by + Subject


I play football.
Football is played by me.

Present Continuous Tense
Subject + is/am/are + Present Participle form of verb + Object
Object + is/am/are + being + Past participle form of verb + by + Subject


I am playing football.
Football is being played by me.

Present Perfect Tense
Subject + has/have + Past participle form of verb + Object
Object + has/have + been + Past participle form of verb + by + Subject


I have played football.
Football has been played by me.

Simple Past Tense
Subject + Past simple form of verb + Object
Object + was/were + Past participle form of verb + by + Subject


I played football.
Football was played by me.

Past Continuous Tense
Subject + was/were + Present Participle form of verb + Object
Object + was/were + being + Past participle form of verb + by + Subject


I was playing football.
Football was being played by me.



Present Perfect Tense


Subject + had + Past participle form of verb + Object


Object + had been + Past participle form of verb + by + Subject


I had played football.
Football had been played by me.

Simple Future Tense
Subject