CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
TYPE 0: thể hiện đk luôn đúng ở hiện tại và tương lai
If +S + V/Vs/Ves, S+ V/Vs/Ves


Ex: If you put a paper into the flame, it burns at once.
Đảo ngữ (Were you to meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.)
TYPE 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra (open/likely/possible condition)
If +S+ V/Vs/Ves, S + simple future (will+V)

If +S+ V/Vs/Ves, Imperative form (mệnh lệnh cách)

Đảo ngữ: Should + S + V, ………………………

EX: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
If you meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.
If John comes, tell him I am waiting for him at school.
Đảo ngữ (Should you study hard, you will pass the exam.)
TYPE 2: Điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại (present unreal condition)
If + S +V(ed/cột 2)/ did not + V, S + would/could/should (not) + V

Đảo ngữ: 1, If + S + were + N/ adj, S + would/could/should (not) + V
( Were + S + N/ adj, S + would/could/should (not) + V
2, If + S +V(ed/cột 2), S + would/could/should (not) + V
( Were + S + to V, S + would/could/should (not) + V

EX: If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.)
( If I were you/ If I were in your position is used to give an advice
EX: If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle.
Đảo ngữ : (Were I you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle.)
If I knew it, I would tell you earlier.
Đảo ngữ: (Were I to know it, I would tell you earlier.)
TYPE 3: Điều kiện không thật ở quá khứ (past unreal condition)
If+ S + had (not)+ V(ed/cột 3), S+ would have + V(ed/cột 3)

Đảo ngữ: Had + S+ V(ed/cột 3), S+ would have + V(ed/cột 3)

EX: If it hadn’t rain yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.(e.g It rained heavily yesterday.)
If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her.
If he had worked harder, he could have passed the exams. (e.g he didn’t work hard.)
If we had brought a map with us, we mightn’t have got lost.
TYPE 4 mixed ( trong mệnh đề if trái với quá khứ, trong mệnh đề chính trái với hiện tại)
Ex: If I hadn’t stayed up late, I wouldn’t be sleepy now. (I stayed up late and now I am sleepy)
If+ S + had (not)+ V(ed/cột 3), S +would/could/should (not) + V

Một số câu đặc biệt:
1. IF ONLY: nhấn mạnh tình huống giả thiết
If only, I were in your position.
If only he had known she was in hospital, he would have visited her.
2. Sử dụng were to/ had been để tăng tính giả thiết.
- If I were to ask you to lend me some money, what would you say?
- If it hadn’t been for her children, she wouldn’t have sold her house.
3. WISH
- Trái với hiện tại: S + wish + S + V(ed/cột 2)/ did not + V
Ex: I wish I had a bigger house. ( I don’t have a big house now )
- Trái với quá khứ: S + wish + S + had + V(ed/cột 3)/ had not + V(ed/cột 3)
Ex: I wish I hadn’t been ill. ( I were ill )
- Ao ước sẽ sảy ra hoạc phàn nàn về điều gì ngoài ý muốn chủ quan của người nói
S + wish + S + would/could/should (not) + V
Ex: I wish it wouldn’t rain.
I wish he wouldn’t keep on smoking
CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN DỰA TRÊN TÌNH HUỐNG
1, Tình huống ở hiện tại ( Type 2. Tình huống ở QK ( Type 3
2, MĐ 1 , so/ therefore/ that’s why MĐ 2.