Câu bị động
I. Công thức chung:



S + tobe + PII …… ( by O)



II. Cách chuyển từ chủ động sang bị động :

Active : S + V + O


Passive : S + be PII… by O


O trong câu chủ động ( S trong câu bị động.
V trong câu chủ động ( be PII trong câu bị động.
Thì câu chủ động = Thì câu bị động ( biểu đạt qua hình thức của TO BE )
S câu chủ động chung chung (they , people, she, ...) ( câu bị động không cần “by O”
S câu chủ động đặc biệt : tên riêng , địa danh hoặc là tác nhân cần được đề cập đến ( cần “ by O” .
Câu bị động thể hiện qua các thì :

Tenses
Active
Passive
Examples

HTĐ
S + V(s/es) + O
S + am/is/are + PII (by O)
I watch TV.
( TV is watched .

HTTD
S + am/is/are + V-ing
S + am/is/are + being + PII (by O)
I am watching TV
( TV is being watched .

HTHT
S + has/have + PII + O
S + have/has + been + PII (by O)
I have watched TV
( TV has been watched .

QKĐ
S + VQK/ed + O
S + was/were + PII (by O)
I watched TV
( TV was watched .

QKTD
S + was/were + V-ing + O
S + was/were + being + PII (by O)
I was watching TV
(TV was being watched .

QKHT
S + had + PII + O
S + had + been + PII (by O)
I had watched TV.
(TV had been watched .

TLĐ
S + will/shall + Vnt + O
S +will/shall + be + PII (by O)
I will watch TV.
(TV will be watched .

TLG
S + am/is/are + going to + Vnt + O
S + am/is/are + going to + be + PII (by O)
I am going to watching TV.
(TV is going to be watched .

ĐTKT
S + Vkt + Vnt + O
S + Vkt + be + PII (by O)
I shouldn’t watch TV.
(TV shouldn’t be watched .



Các cấu trúc đặc biệt:
1). Cấu trúc “ They/People + say/think/believe... that ...”
Eg1: I say that Nam eats five eggs a day.
It is said that Nam eats five eggs a day.
Nam is said to eat five a day.
Eg2: They thought that Mai had gone away .
It was thought that Mai had gone away.
Mai was thought to have gone away.

2). Have sb do sth = Get sb to do sth ( BĐ : Have/Get sth done ( by sb)
Eg: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday
= I got him to repair my bicycle yesterday.
( I had/ got my bicycle repaired yesterday.
3). Make sb do sth ( sb be made to do sth
Eg: My teacher made me write an essay.
( I was made to write an essay by my teacher